Tailored nanoparticles offer a novel approach to fight\nantibiotic-resistant microorganisms. We analysed\nbiogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) of bacterial\norigin to determine their antimicrobial activity\nagainst selected pathogens in their planktonic and\nbiofilm states. SeNPs synthesized by Gram-negative\nStenotrophomonas maltophilia [Sm-SeNPs()] and\nGram-positive Bacillus mycoides [Bm-SeNPs(+)]\nwere active at low minimum inhibitory concentrations\nagainst a number of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas\naeruginosa but did not inhibit clinical\nisolates of the yeast species Candida albicans and\nC. parapsilosis. However, the SeNPs were able to\ninhibit biofilm formation and also to disaggregate the\nmature glycocalyx in both P. aeruginosa and Candida\nspp. The Sm-SeNPs() and Bm-SeNPs(+) both\nachieved much stronger antimicrobial effects than\nsynthetic selenium nanoparticles (Ch-SeNPs). Dendritic\ncells and fibroblasts exposed to Sm-SeNPs(),\nBm-SeNPs(+) and Ch-SeNPs did not show any loss\nof cell viability, any increase in the release of reactive\noxygen species or any significant increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory\ncytokines. Biogenic SeNPs therefore appear to\nbe reliable candidates for safe medical applications,\nalone or in association with traditional antibiotics, to\ninhibit the growth of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa\nor to facilitate the penetration of P. aeruginosa\nand Candida spp. biofilms by antimicrobial agents.
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